() = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. . = , 1. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . . In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. learning by counting each letter. Online Status. , One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. Quick Summary . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. A student is considered ready when he has mastered the complicated genre of qen. Contact-us The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. ], 2. = [ . . = , 8. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. ( ) Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . = , 8 . It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. [ . . The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. = , 22 - . The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. = , 3. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. . This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. 12 - () = . The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. ( ) . There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. He repeats this for months. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. / eathebook ! () = , 20. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. . When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. The teacher either accepts the verses or the offers critical comments and sends the student back for further meditation, students come at intervals to the teacher to recite in the manner. The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. . Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. ( ) = , 2. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. A Qedasse teacher normally teaches only the hymns which a deacon or a priest has to use in the liturgy of the Church. 1) The Nebab Bet [8] [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . . For this purpose scanty training suffices. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. 6 [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. .. = , 28. Your email address will not be published. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. Source A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. = = , 27. When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. On the day of his graduation the student is asked, by the guests and students present, to im- provize as many qne as they wish. () = () = , 1. memorization. The church school system has the following divisions: If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. = [ ], 3. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . () = - ., 10. . ], 8. Zema bet ( , lit. A number of theological students have also progressed to further advanced studies abroad. . Usually a candidate for his training is attached to a priest or monk to whom he gives certain services, accompanying him on visits of families, festivals, and ceremonies in and outside the parish. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. . . . Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. . ( ) = , 13. = , 8 - () = - - . , . The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video .. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. The usually strict demands of the teachers are accepted with out hesitation, because the wandering student has come to the school of his own free will and has willingly submitted himself to the authority of the teacher. The main reason for wandering in search of schools and teachers is that in rural areas any higher education is not possible for a youth who remains with his parents, except in a few cases of Debtera families. In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. = , 26. Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. ( . ) . BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. ( ) = , 32. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. () = , 1. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. . . To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. This memorization of the commentary of the books exacts many years of exercise and labour, which the adult student is ready to accept. . Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. = [ ], 8. Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . This process is known as Qutir, i.e. b) Drill in the reading of various religious texts From that time to the present the church schools have undergone little change. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE . = , 3. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. Addis Ababa December 1970. ( ) :: . () = , 21. = , 9. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. = , 18. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. = , 4. . Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) = , 1. [ ], 9. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. This is the general term for the School of Commentaries composed of four branches. At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. Last Checked: 01/18/2023. = [ ], 3 - ( ) = , 4 - = , 5 - = , 7 - = , 8 - = , 9 - . The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. = , 14. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. Zema bet ( , lit. [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. . It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. The commentaries of these teachings do not proceed under systematic theological or historical categories, but when each sentence or phrase of a text is interpreted, depending on the content, theological, moral and historical questions are raised, discussed, and developed. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. ( ) = , 1.. Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. The resulting high morale in the school community helps the individual student to adapt himself to the hard work. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. () : Students come to the teacher in a group of three or four, all studying the same text. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. [ . ], 30. Roles of Orthodox teachings. . a) Zema Bet (Music school) This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. .. = , 20. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. . = , 22. selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. = ( ) = .. . ], 2. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. He may be called upon to read and write letters. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. The church school system has been the instrument that has preserved the traditional learning of Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations. c) Metsehaf Bet = , 21. What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. : 1: - - - The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. The same process is repeated for several days or even months. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). We may then be justified, with some reservation, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet enrolment might well be 300,000. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. [4], Saint Yared has been credited with the invention of the musical tradition of Ethiopian liturgical chants. . Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. 6 . The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. . In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. = , 23 - . . () = , 31. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. 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