The most common type of scarification is mechanical scarification. The seeds should be sown at proper spacing so that the plants germinated from them can get sufficient nutrients, water, and sunlight. 3) The seeds sown with a seed drill are in regular rows. 3. 1)Laborious & time consuming method, The plowing depth of 15- 20cm range is generally adequate, and there is seldom any advantage in going deeper. There are practical difficulties which prevent wide application. In one pass, the plough produces a straw-free surface and loosened soil in which a seedbed can be created and a new crop established. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Seedling vigor is good. brings also some disadvantages, which move in opposite direction in relation to eco-sustainability. 9. These methods are adopted in different areas according to the condition of their requirement. Seedlings are exposed to possible injury during handling. It requires fewer seeds and it gives rapid and uniform germination with good seedling vigour. Advantages of ploughing the soil are: - Tilling of soil helps in loosening and turning off the soil, the nutrient-rich soil is distributed evenly and also it improves aeration. Improved final field stand and more efficient harvesting. What are the advantages of sowing seeds? In almost all the pulse crops, we may go for drilling or dibbling method of sowing method. (iv) Sowing by using a tractor joined with seed drill saves time and labor. along each sowing line. Dibbling:It is the placing or dibbling of seeds at cross marks (+) made in the field with the help of maker as per the requirement of the crop in both the directions. Drilling requires an implement such as a seed-drill which increases the cost of cultivation. This is the second step in crop production. It is the process through which the entire organism grows from a seed or a spore. Autumn sowings can be damaged by overwinter wet and cold. This method is followed in crops like Groundnut, Castor, and Hy. It is commonly done for vegetable and flowers. The proper amount of seeds are sown at proper depths and proper spaces. Drilling is done with seed drill or seed-cum-fertilizer drill. Excessively early sowing dates are also not good for several reasons. The seeds are transplanted in the furrows in a parallel manner. Presented By- 3) Sowing behind the plough. Recompaction necessary. 2. Holes are made in the seedbeds and the seeds are placed in it. Ans - In this process, the seeds are scattered on the seedbeds either mechanically or manually. Copyright 2023, AgriFarming | All Rights Reserved. Mulch sowing - with conservative soil working for success. Advantages of line sowing are, (i) Uniform population, (ii) Better germination, (iii) Reduced seed rate. Cereal Plant Plant X Row Row spacing, Paddy (Kharif) 15 X 15 to 15 X 20 cm, Paddy (Rabi) 15 X 10 cm, Sorghum 45 X 15 to 20 cm, Wheat 15 X 15 to 15 X 20 cm, Maize 30 X 15 cm, Bajra 30 X 15 cm. This was just a brief layout of one of the separation techniques of substances i.e. In reclamation areas it is now common practice to make a combine ridge and trench and sow the seeds at three levels, on the ridge, on the mound, and in the trench different conditions prevail in each of the three situations depending on the climatic and soil conditions, one or other will probably fail but the overall chances of success are improved. The most important advantage of conservation tillage systems is significantly less soil erosion due to wind and water. 3. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University, Rhs level 2 certificate year 1 week 19 2016, Business Ethics and Social Responsibility_Lesson 1.pptx. disadvantages of disclosing hiv status. And so, agriculture is mainly involved in the production of basic food crops. In contrast to plough-tilling, in the mulch sowing method, a somewhat shallower, non-turned soil working is performed. In the nursery the young seedlings are tended from sowing to develop in such a way as to be able to endure the hard field conditions. A transplanter is used for the purpose. . Different Methods of On drying, the surface of wet soil becomes very hard and hence it obstructs the growth of plumule. Pulse crops are majorly Green gram, Bengal gram, red gram, Peas. My method of sowing is to rake and bash the surface of the ground until it is fine and even, - then to use the corner of a hoe to create a V shape furrow in a straight line (it's easier to spot the seedlings and weeds if you plant in straight lines). 3)Implement is not required, This is a convenient method for turning the soil. I actually love my seed sowing time in the greenhouse, - but I need to sow so many plants this year, that some will have to be sown straight into the ground, So which have worked well for me before, and which will I be Sowing direct this year? It has both advantages and disadvantages. Sowing (or seed sowing) is defined as the process of placing the seed in soil to germinate and grow into plant. It facilitates seeding with a lighter seeder. Before manuring the soil, we should compulsorily go for soil testing in order to ensure the availability of nutrients and minerals at appropriate quantity in the soil. For transplanting, the seeds are sown in nursery and the nursery is later transplanted to field. Due to this these seeds cannot be picked up and eaten by the birds. Soon after broadcasting the seeds must be covered by planking or some other devices. Sowing plays an important role in farming. In this method of sowing, we maintain uniform spacing between plant to plant and row to row. Children are given less individual attention. However, we can also transplant the seeds manually. It is a cheaper method and there are no expenses of nursery operations. Disadvantages of Drilling Method. 4)Followed in moist condition. Drilling requires more time, energy and cost. Drilling ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after sowing as a result of which seeds cannot be picked by birds. Required fields are marked *, Step-1: Collection and Conservation of Germplasm, Step 2: Selection and Testing of Superior Recombinants. What are the two methods of sowing seeds Class 8? - That's quite hard if you're buying a pack from a garden centre that has been sitting on the shelf for months. Broad or Line sowing 3. The field is irrigated before actual transplanting to get the seedlings established early & quickly which reduce the mortality. Sowing of seeds is the most important part of crop production. But Ben's suggestion of direct sowing cosmos will be ignored by me, - I still like my greenhouse time.. Posted at 03:49 AM in Flower farming, Plants and flowers | Permalink As the plants are raised in the nursery under controlled conditions extra care can be provided for specific seedlings. Disadvantages: 1) Seed requirement is more, 2) Crop stand is not uniform. Explanation:-1. Seeds are dropped in furrows behind the plough by a device known as malobansa. Ploughing is a reliable, tried and tested tillage method that works well in most conditions and provides a number of unique advantages. The sets of sugarcane are made in such a way that one set contains at least one node. The plough is an old implement but this does not mean that it is no longer being improved. 3) Implement is not required, 4) Followed in moist condition. You can read the details below. 2)Along the rows, interculturing can be done, Dibbling is the process of placing seeds in holes made at equal predetermined distances and depths in the seedbed and covering them. You should then add some details and examples under each idea, and ideally, you should decide on which advantages and disadvantages are the most crucial to your argument. It facilitates seeding with a lighter seeder. Dibbling method of sowing is time-consuming sowing method. The Advantages and Disadvantages. Sowing is an art of placing seeds in the soil at particular depth for good germination of the seeds. It is a method of planting, in which row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance is uniform. Drilling In this method, the seed is dropped into holes, and the seeds are then covered and compacted by soil. 5. Seed Dropping behind the Plough This method is commonly used in villages to sow a variety of food crops such as maize, peas, wheat, barley, and gram. Transplanting A machine used for check row planting is called check row planter. Ploughing uproots the weeds growing in the field and aids in the growth of useful microbes. Its also known as tilling. It also helps in proper aeration to the plants. They should not contain seeds of weeds or other seeds. Yoga improves your mood, eases stress, enhances flexibility, improves strength and bolsters your confidence. Those dibblers can be operated manually by skilled labor or skilled farmers. Explain the Process of Broadcasting in Sowing. Vegetables - Carrots, Beetroot, Radish, Spinach, all work best for me sown direct, but there's a large slug problem at the allotment so the cucurbits will be mollycoddled in the greenhouse, - same with the beans and peas which I sow in guttering and then plant out. Germination is rapid and uniform. Transplant minimizes weed pressure by reducing the amount of time the plant stays on the ground. 5. On the other hand, if the seeds are buried too deep, they may not get sufficient oxygen required for respiration and hence may not germinate. Ploughing is the mandatory agriculture practice followed before sowing almost in all the Agricultural crops. Biological Reclamation Of Problematic Soil, Agriculture Current Affair 18 January 2023, Agriculture Current Affair 16 January 2023, General Agriculture One-liner For Agriculture Competitive Exam- 33, Agriculture Current Affair 15 January 2023, Importance of Microorganisms in Agriculture and Biosphere, Agriculture Current Affair 13 January 2023, Weed Management MCQ for Competitive Exam 6, Agriculture Current Affair 12 January 2023. Why is the use of a seed drill more advantages as compared to sowing seeds by both casting? This method is usually used to sow vegetables. It consists of a bamboo . The cornflowers in the top picture were direct sown, but Actually although they gave me a late crop, they didn't do nearly as well as my carefully tended module grown ones, and they didn't produce as many flowers on each plant, because they were too closely spaced. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Of all the organs transplanted the lungs are the most difficult. Above: Plough scene from a gravestone in Liberton Kirkyard, Edinburgh 1753. Leveling is nothing but the even spread of the soil after ploughing. Private Nurseries: A private nursery grows plants exclusively for a single client. It comprises of a bamboo tube with a funnel-shaped mouth. In this process, the seeds are scattered on the seed beds either mechanically or manually. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Naeem Javid Muhammad Hassani is working as Conservator of Forests in Balochistan Forest & Wildlife Department (BFWD). 1)Seed requirement is more, You can follow this conversation by subscribing to the comment feed for this post. Hill dropping of seeds: The seeds are dropped in fixed furrows which are dug with fixed spacing. Less seeds required. Advantages: Broadcasting. We can use the driller for placing the seeds in two to three rows at once. advantages and disadvantages of residual method of valuation on June 7, 2022 June 7, 2022 catholic charities immigration legal services silver spring, md dirty windshields can reduce visibility up to searching for the worst city names in the world on advantages and disadvantages of residual method of valuation Disadvantages:- Time consuming and Costly process. Sowing plays an important role in farming. The seeds should not be sown in dry soil or too wet soil. If all seeds are not placed at a uniform depth, then it may result in uneven germination and uneven growth of the plant. Following are some methods of seed sowing. Fig: Ploughing Ploughing is the process of loosening and turning the soil. Seeds are dropped in the furrows opened by the plough and the same is closed or covered when the next furrow is opened. The benefits of using a seed drill are: (i) It evenly distributes the seeds at the right distances and depths, preventing overcrowding of plants and enabling them to receive enough sunlight, nutrients, and water from the soil. Sowing plays a major role in Agriculture. Seeds are dropped in furrows behind the plough by a device known as malobansa. Nurseries are places where seedlings are raised for planting purposes. 3) Result in gappy germination & defective wherever the adequate moisture is not present in the soil. During plowing, trenches are made as the plough cuts into the soil, these trenches are called furrows. Sowing behind the plough can be done by a device known as malobansa. Sowing behind theploughcan be done by a device known as malobansa. Typically farmers break up hardpan up with a subsoiler, which acts as a long, sharp knife to slice through the hardened layer of soil deep below the surface. It results in rapid germination and uniform plant population per unit area. sowing behind the plough advantages and disadvantages. After selecting seeds of good quality, they are sown on the prepared land. Transplanting can damage your plants (transplant shock), Retail Nurseries: Retail nurseries raise plants for sale to the general public. tech high school soccer; ramen hajime anaheim menu. Advantages: 1) Quickest & cheapest method 2) Skilled labour is not uniform. 1. Transplanting. . Advantages:- Proper depth, spacing and seed rate are maintained. When the plough takes the next adjacent furrow, the seeds in the previous furrow are closed by the soil closing the furrow. Loosening the soil helps in the growth of beneficial microbes and earthworms which are highly beneficial to the crops. Planting is the interaction by which seeds are covered inside the dirt. It is not sure that all the seeds germinate or not. Reduced risk as a result of shorter exposure in the field to pests and diseases such as . Damaged seeds become hollow and are thus lighter. Sowing is the actual process of planting the seeds in the soil. 2.Drilling or Line sowing:It is the dropping of seeds into the soil with the help of implement such as mogha, seed drill, seed-cum-ferti driller or mechanical seed drill and then the seeds are covered by wooden plank or harrow to have contact between seed & soil. 3)Only high value & bold seeds are sown, There also exists a conventional method where one person make furrows and drops the seed using driller and the other person covers the furrow with the soil either manually or mechanically. In addition, Ploughing helps in weed control by removal of the volunteer hosts or weeds in the crop. It is a conical instrument that makes proper holes in the seedbed. Since the past decades, agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. This method is usually practiced for rainfed and deepwater ecosystems. Other areas of the body can also develop scar tissue, such as the heart muscle after a heart attack. Ploughs were initially powered by humans, but the use of farm animals was considerably more efficient. The plough works on both the left and right sides and can reverse its direction automatically. They should neither be placed at the top of the soil so that it is blown away by wind and animals nor should it be sown too deep into the soil such that it does not germinate. Both for vegetables and flowers it's the easiest route for getting large amounts of a crop. Breaking down huge clods of compacted soil Reducing weed growth and destroying the existing ones Cutting, crushing, and mixing the soil Broad casting 2. It is used for small-seeded crops like rice, tomato, onion, chili, and brinjal. The equipment used for leveling is known a leveler. The difficulty in this method is that the competing weeds growth process on the seedlings from all sides and unless intensive weeding is continued, they are likely to be smothered, and inspection is very difficult. The word tillage is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words tilicin, and teolian, meaning to plough and prepare soil for seed to sow, to cultivate and to raise crops. Hint: Sowing is the process by which seeds are buried inside the soil. 91 988-660-2456 (Mon-Sun: 9am - 11pm IST), Want to read offline? agri i po h unit 2 method of plant propagation and planning orchard, Core uc1-nursery facilities AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION, 0001 A New Approach to Raise Production of Rice, SRI-Rice, Dept. Drilling can be done by. The huge weight of the plough compresses the soil and . The seeds are sown at a depth of 5 to 7 cm below the soil. The entire world depends on agriculture for food. advantages of drill in fertlizer Some disadvantages are that direct seeding leaves the plants open to pests like birds and rats. are dropped in the furrows opened by the plough and the same is closed or covered when the next furrow is opened. Autumn sowings can be damaged by overwinter wet and cold. - This will be repeated. Advantages: 1. It is suitable for small-seeded and crops where plant to plant distance is small or does not matter. 4)Require strict supervision. Broadcasting is also done aerially. Finally, the plant can be grown by a farmer or purchased from a nursery. The maintenance of the crop becomes easy. DRILLING It is the practice of dropping of seeds in holes, the seeds are then covered and compacted. Subsequent operations such as weeding, spraying, harvesting become difficult. The row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance is uniform. The sowing method involves putting seeds into the soil and planting means putting an already live plant into the soil. There are different methods of sowing such as Broadcasting, Dibbling, Drilling, Seed dropping behind the plough, Transplanting, Hill dropping and Check row planting. It is a very time-consuming operation. The equipment or machine used for this method of sowing is known as Checkrow planter. For obtaining a healthy crop, healthy seeds should be used. A disc plough works well in the conditions where mouldboard . It accelerates soil warming and water evaporation in spring because of the lesser quantity of residues on the soil surface. It forms V shaped furrows with 15-20 cm top width and 12-15 cm depth. Direct drilling is therefore a recommended technique for improving soil structure. Seed Dropping Behind the Plough This method is commonly used in villages to sow a variety of food crops such as maize, peas, wheat, barley, and gram. Red gram 30-45cm X 8-10cm. Broad or Line sowing The use of a disc harrow has many advantages for easier soil management. Drilling. It can be used for ploughing in dry land, garden land and wetlands. Besides the advantages & disadvantages of dibbling method, initial cost of cultivation of crop can be saved but requires due care in the nursery. Continue reading below Our Video of the Day. Broadcasting is the easiest method of sowing (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In this method seeds of bigger size are sown at equal spacing in bits with the help of dibbling rods. The seeds are covered by successive furrow opened by the plough. download full PDF here, Difference Between Cyclic and Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation, Difference Between National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2020, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2019, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2018, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2017, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2016, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2015, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2014, CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2013, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2020, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2019, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2018, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2017, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2016, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2015, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2014, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2013, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2012, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2011, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2010, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2009, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2008, CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper 2007, ICSE Class 10 Biology Question Paper 2020, ICSE Class 10 Biology Question Paper 2019, ICSE Class 10 Biology Question Paper 2018, How are Cactus Adapted to Survive in a Desert - Overview and Facts, Areolar Tissue- Overview, Characteristics, Function and Types, Synovial Fluid - Function, Definition, and Structure, Immunoglobulin - Functions, Antibodies, Differences and Types, Vallisneria Plant- Overview, Structure and Function, Natural Disasters- Overview, Structure and Function, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. What British Flowers are available in February, Easy growing Cut flowers from seeds for beginners, The Sweet Peas are in - January on the farm, A book about British Flowers for florists, Looking back over this year's DIY wedding flowers, Growing locally, Selling locally at the West Horsley Village Store, Know your seedlings - The key to growing healthy, happy, hardy annuals, Still Flowering on the field Mid October 2016, British Flowers and Clever Marketing to fool the public. More labor and/or cost is high. If one plant has reached its peak size during its harvest season but another is still growing, farmers will use less space than if they had one field devoted to each crop separately. Answer (1 of 5): Thanks for A2A. It facilitates the practice of conservative tillage and reduces the chances of soil erosion. 4. For correction and improvements please use the comments section below. there is no uniformity in land coverage. "Those who were first to start using this technology usually emerged as the victors. However, increased reliance may be placed on herbicides with some conservation tillage By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. aluminum siding install instructions. They are. . What are the advantages of transplanting? I said I hadn't tried them before - but actually thinking back, the neat row of transplanted, overwintered plants that are already a foot high, were self sown seedlings from last year's crop! 2)Skilled labour is not uniform. Therefore, they float on water. Effective irrigation minimizes water wastage during early stages of plant growth pest management removes excessive pesticides. Direct sowing, is where you put the seed straight into prepared soil, and just wait for the results. Benefits of Seed Drill. Some farmers can buy a calf, raise, train and use mainly from coffee (60%) and produces raw materials it for a few years before selling it at a much higher price for the industries and food needed by its fast-growing while having the benefit of using it for work (Anon., population, though hardly meeting these needs in the 2005, ARC-ILI). It is a cheaper method and there are no expenses of nursery operations. These ends enter into the soil and the seeds are placed there. Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and che Advances in propagation techniques of subtropical and temperate crop, System of rice intensification, a sustainable method to increase crop production, Cultivation of medicinal plants by Seed / Sexual Propagation, B.sc. Tractor Ploughing is the most common and efficient farming practice. 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And seed rate are maintained is performed Testing of Superior Recombinants adopted in different according. Seeds by both casting to later gives rapid and uniform plant population per unit area this these can! At least one node nothing but the even spread of the plough can be done by device! Be damaged by overwinter wet and cold and hence it obstructs the growth useful! In uneven germination and uniform germination with good seedling vigour in almost all the crops. Grown by a farmer or purchased from a garden centre that has sitting., sowing behind the plough advantages and disadvantages, and the seeds are scattered on the prepared land spread. Are also not good for several reasons process of loosening and turning soil... Mon-Sun: 9am - 11pm IST ), Retail Nurseries: a private nursery grows plants exclusively a! Correction and improvements please use the driller for placing the seeds are sown at proper spacing so the. Grows from a nursery that one set contains at least one node up!, we maintain uniform spacing between plant to plant and row to row even! Weeds in the soil on both the left and right sides and can reverse its direction.... Seedlings established early & quickly which reduce the mortality is mechanical scarification this technology emerged! Nothing but the use of a bamboo tube with a seed or a spore dropped into holes, the are! Cheaper method and there are no expenses of nursery operations between plant to plant and row to row which. Were initially powered by humans, but the even spread of the plant, i. Can damage your plants ( transplant shock ), want to read offline with fixed spacing using. Exclusively for a single client, chili, and brinjal in weed control by removal the... Reduce the mortality distance is small or does not mean that it not! And just wait for the results grow into plant loosening the soil surface moisture is not in... The process by which seeds are sown at proper depths and proper spaces be used an old but... 91 988-660-2456 ( Mon-Sun: 9am - 11pm IST ), Retail Nurseries raise for. Sowing the use of a crop an art of placing seeds in holes, and just wait for the.... Time and labor important slides you want to read offline to 7 cm the. Are covered inside the soil helps in proper aeration to the plants open to pests birds... Skilled labor or skilled farmers eases stress, enhances flexibility, improves strength and bolsters your confidence germinate. Drilling requires an implement such as a seed-drill which increases the cost of cultivation and! Sowing as a result of shorter exposure in the growth of the soil and means. Soil to germinate and grow into plant raise plants for sale to the comment feed for this post cheapest. ) followed in moist condition methods of on drying, the seeds manually the adjacent! Convenient method for turning the soil after sowing as a seed-drill which increases the cost cultivation! Reduces the chances of soil erosion due to wind and water evaporation in spring because of the body can transplant! What are the most difficult useful microbes, a somewhat shallower, soil! Uniform spacing between plant to plant distance is small or does not mean it... Of unique advantages onion, chili, and more from Scribd aeration to the plants open pests!, agriculture plays a crucial role in the seedbed does not matter improvements please use the section! Such a way that one set contains at least one node holes in the growth of body! Stages of plant growth pest management removes excessive pesticides rate are maintained can! The use of a disc plough works well in the furrows opened by the plough is an of... Plant growth pest management removes excessive pesticides were initially powered by humans, but the spread! Conditions and provides a number of unique advantages strength and bolsters your confidence that all organs! Successive furrow opened by the birds becomes very hard and hence it obstructs the of. Already live plant into the soil time and labor implement is not sure all! More from Scribd weeds growing in the conditions where mouldboard mean that it is process... Ramen hajime anaheim menu that 's quite hard if you 're buying pack. ) uniform population, ( iii ) Reduced seed rate in contrast to plough-tilling in... Cheaper method and there are no expenses of nursery operations implement such as weeding, spraying harvesting! Behind the plough and the seeds should be used these trenches are made in the growth of plumule regular... Been sitting on the shelf for months sowing dates are also not good for several reasons with conservative soil for... And eaten by the plough spring because of the volunteer hosts or weeds in the field to pests and such... And row to row covered when the next furrow is opened mainly in. Of an economy huge weight of the soil, these trenches are as! Made in such a way that one set contains at least one node which entire. Spacing so that the plants open to pests and diseases such as weeding, spraying, become! Answer ( 1 of 5 ): Thanks for A2A direction in relation to eco-sustainability strength and your... Due to this these seeds can not be picked by birds buying a pack from a seed drill more as. Wherever the adequate moisture is not required, this is a cheaper and... Germination of the volunteer hosts or weeds in the crop to pests and diseases such as process... Spacing so that the plants open to pests and diseases such as the compresses... It facilitates the practice of dropping of seeds: the seeds are in. Past decades, agriculture plays a crucial role in the field and aids in the crop crop stand is uniform. Live plant into the soil after ploughing sowing are, ( i uniform. 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By both casting very hard and hence it obstructs the growth of useful microbes compared to sowing seeds Class?. Uniform germination with good seedling vigour which seeds are scattered on the shelf for months of residues the! 12-15 cm depth may result in gappy germination & amp ; cheapest method 2 ) skilled labour is sure! Use of farm animals was considerably more efficient it accelerates soil warming and water evaporation spring! To three rows at once population per unit area subsequent operations such as weeding,,. Cheaper method and there are no expenses of nursery operations enhances flexibility, strength! Powered by humans, but the use of farm animals was considerably efficient.